Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Treatment

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) problems

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a hinge-like joint that connects the lower jaw to the skull and facilitates important functions such as chewing, swallowing, and speaking. Additionally, the TMJ can move in all three directions of space.

TMJ problems can cause pain in various areas, including the jaw joint, the muscles that control jaw movements, and the head and neck region. Determining the exact cause of TMJ problems can be difficult.

While TMJ problems may sometimes resolve on their own without treatment, they often require evaluation and treatment by a specialist.

Causes of TMJ problems

The causes of painful TMJ problems are varied:

Anatomical problems in the structures that make up the joint

Injury to the jaw or joint area

Inflammation of the cartilage in this area

High levels of stress

Malocclusions (orthodontic problems) affecting the bite

When to see a specialist?

If you experience sensitivity or persistent pain in your jaws, or if you cannot fully open or close your jaws, you should consult a healthcare professional who specializes in TMJ problems. Your healthcare provider will provide you with necessary information about the possible causes and treatment of your problem.

Symptoms of TMJ problems

Pain and discomfort in the jaws

Pain in or around the ears

Difficulty and discomfort when chewing

Pain radiating to the teeth, face, head, inner ear, neck, and shoulders

Locking of the jaws when open or closed

Difficulty opening and closing the mouth

Clicking sounds, especially during chewing

Risk factors

Occupations that increase stress levels, family problems, exam periods, economic issues, dental misalignments, missing multiple teeth, and systemic diseases can increase the likelihood of joint problems.

TMJ problems are particularly common in women aged 15-40.

Diagnosis

Your healthcare provider will ask for the following information:

When did the symptoms begin?

Have you experienced this problem before?

Has there been an increase in your stress level recently?

Do you frequently experience headaches, toothaches, or neck pain?

Do you regularly take any medication?

Additionally:

Is your pain constant or intermittent?

Is there any event that triggers your pain?

Do you hear any sounds when you move your jaw? If so, is it painful?

Do you experience any difficulty or restriction in opening your mouth?

Your answers to these questions will provide valuable information for diagnosis. If necessary, your healthcare provider may request X-rays to examine the teeth and jawbones. If structural bone problems within the joint are suspected, a CT scan may be requested. Additionally, if there is suspicion of a problem with the soft tissues of the joint (disk, cartilage, connective tissue, and muscle), an MRI may be requested.

Treatment

In some cases, TMJ problems may resolve on their own without the need for treatment. If the symptoms of joint problems are persistent, your doctor will offer you various treatment options. Occlusal splints (oral splints) are commonly used in TMJ treatment.

However, their fabrication requires great precision, and diagnosis must be made very carefully. Improper application may increase pain. Splints may be worn only at night or throughout the day, depending on the situation.

Physical therapy, psychological counseling and education, various medications, and surgical intervention may also be used in TMJ treatments.

TMJ problems are particularly common in women aged 15-40.

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